LIST OF CHEMISTRY LABELLED DIAGRAMS REQUIRED FOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE

Pupils are expected to draw and label these repeatedly, until they can memorise them:

1. Arrangement and movement of the particles in the solid, liquid and gaseous states.
2. Cooling curve for a substance that changes from gas to liquid to solid.
3. The atom of a named element showing the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus, as well as its electronic configuration.
4. The formation of an ionic compound by transfer of electrons taking as examples NaCl and MgCl₂. A key should be given to differentiate between the electrons for the different elements forming the compound.
5. Ionic lattice of sodium chloride showing how the sodium and chloride ions are arranged in three dimensions.
6. The formation of a covalent bond by sharing of electrons for H₂, Cl₂, H₂O, CH₄, NH₃, HCl, CH₃OH, C₂H₄ O₂, CO₂ and N₂. A key should be given to differentiate between the valency electrons for the different elements forming the compound.
7. Methane and iodine as simple molecular substances.
8. Diamond,  graphite and silicon (IV) oxide as giant molecular substances.
9. Metallic bonding showing the positive metal ions and a sea of electrons.
10. Apparatus used to carry out a simple acid-base titration.
11. Energy profile diagram for an exothermic reaction.
12. Energy profile diagram for an endothermic reaction.
13. Energy profile diagram to compare a catalysed and an uncatalysed reaction.
14. Arrangement of ions in a metal showing the metallic bond and the effect of an alloying element on the metal lattice.
15. Draw and name the first four alkanes and their branched isomers.
16. Draw and name the first four alkenes and their branched isomers.
17. Draw and name the first four alcohols and their branched isomers.
18. Draw and name the first four carboxylic acids and their branched isomers.
19. The formation, structure and repeating unit of poly(ethene).
20. The simplified structure and repeating unit of nylon.
21. The simplified structure and repeating unit of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
22. The simplified structure, repeating unit and monomers of proteins.
23. Laboratory apparatus: test-tube, beaker, conical flask, measuring cylinder, pipette, burette, round-bottomed flask, flat-bottomed flask, funnel, evaporating dish and gas syringe.